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Texas

Researchedlast verified 2026-07-04

Has regulations

Two relevant laws authored: HB 18 (SCOPE Act), with challenged provisions preliminarily enjoined and the parental-tools provision in force; and SB 2420 (App Store Accountability Act). Coverage may still be incomplete pending a full sweep of Texas minor-protection statutes.

Securing Children Online through Parental Empowerment Act (HB 18, "SCOPE Act")

EnjoinedResearchedlast verified 2026-07-04
Social media platform

SCOPE Act's challenged provisions (harmful-content monitoring/filtering, targeted advertising, age registration/verification) preliminarily enjoined by W.D. Tex. (2024-08, expanded 2025-02-07) as unconstitutionally vague; the unchallenged parental-supervision-tools duty remains in force. Texas's appeal was argued before the Fifth Circuit (2025-11); decision pending.

Whether the broader data-collection limits (beyond targeted advertising) are enjoined or in force is reported inconsistently across secondary sources; only the targeted-advertising restriction's enjoined status is firmly sourced. Statute section pins pending a pass against the enrolled text. A previously recorded '60-day cure period' could not be verified on 2026-07-04 and was removed: enforcement rides on DTPA § 17.47 (TCJL's section-level analysis reports only its 7-day pre-suit notice), while one compliance vendor reports a 30-day cure. The enrolled text was unreachable, so no cure-period claim is made.

Scope

Binds a 'digital service provider' whose service lets users create a public/semi-public profile and post content viewable by other users.

Express exemptions
  • Exempts services where 'chat, comment, or other interactive functionality is incidental' to commerce.

Whether a service's interactive functionality is 'incidental' to its commercial function is left open by the statutory text.

Penalties

Model
Per violation
Detail
Civil penalties up to $10,000 per violation via the DTPA (additional penalties for violating an injunction), plus injunctive relief and attorney's fees; class-action certification barred; parents/guardians of an affected known minor may seek declaratory or injunctive relief (§ 509.152)
Enforcer
Texas Attorney General (Consumer Protection Division)
Private right of action
No

Key dates

Effective
2024-09-01

Obligations (4)

Age verification / estimationUnder 1313–1516–17

Register the age of each account holder and identify whether the user is a known minor.

Statute’s own ages: Minor = under 18; the statute treats all under-18 users as minors without finer bands

Tex. Bus. & Com. Code ch. 509 (HB 18, 88R): section pin pending verification
Minor data protectionUnder 1313–1516–17

Do not use a known minor's personal data to target advertising, and limit collection of a known minor's personal information to what is reasonably necessary.

Statute’s own ages: Minor = under 18

Tex. Bus. & Com. Code ch. 509 (HB 18, 88R): section pin pending verification
Content monitoring / filteringUnder 1313–1516–17

Monitor and filter a known minor's exposure to harmful material (content promoting self-harm, eating disorders, grooming, and similar categories) and prevent the minor from being exposed to it.

Statute’s own ages: Minor = under 18

EnjoinedThis provision differs from the law’s overall status: The flagship monitoring/filtering duty was the first provision enjoined (W.D. Tex., 2024-08-30, two days before the effective date) and remains blocked pending the Fifth Circuit's decision, unlike the unchallenged parental-tools duty, which is in force.
Tex. Bus. & Com. Code ch. 509 (HB 18, 88R): section pin pending verification
Parental tools & visibilityUnder 1313–1516–17

Provide parents with tools to supervise a known minor's account, including privacy and account settings.

Statute’s own ages: Minor = under 18

In forceThis provision differs from the law’s overall status: The parental-supervision-tools provision was not challenged in the CCIA/NetChoice and SEAT suits and remains enforceable, unlike the enjoined monitoring/filtering, targeted-advertising, and age-verification provisions.
Tex. Bus. & Com. Code ch. 509 (HB 18, 88R): section pin pending verification

Litigation history

  1. 2024-08-30
    W.D. Tex. (Judge Robert Pitman) granted a preliminary injunction blocking the harmful-content 'monitoring and filtering' provisions
    Those provisions unenforceable; remainder of the law took effect 2024-09-01 source ↗
  2. 2025-02-07
    W.D. Tex. (Judge Pitman) enjoined additional challenged provisions (targeted-advertising restrictions and an age-verification requirement) as unconstitutionally vague; Texas appealed
    Challenged substantive provisions unenforceable pending appeal source ↗
  3. 2025-11
    Fifth Circuit heard argument on Texas's appeal of the SCOPE Act injunctions (consolidated CCIA/NetChoice and SEAT challenges)
    No change; injunctions remain in place pending the Fifth Circuit's decision source ↗

Cross-state comparisons

  • similarfl-hb3 (Florida): Both are 2024-era state minor-protection laws imposing age-determination and parental duties on providers of social online services, and both were preliminarily enjoined on First Amendment grounds, but HB 18 remains enjoined while FL HB 3's injunction was stayed (enforceable).
  • similarms-hb1126 (Mississippi): Both impose age verification and parental-consent-style duties on 'digital service providers' and were preliminarily enjoined as likely unconstitutional; HB 1126's injunction was later stayed (enforceable), HB 18's was not.

App Store Accountability Act (SB 2420)

Enforceable pending appealResearchedlast verified 2026-07-04
App store providerApp developer

PI granted 2025-12-23 (W.D. Tex.); Fifth Circuit administrative stay 2026-05-28, full stay pending appeal 2026-06-04, currently enforceable. Emergency applications to vacate the stay submitted at the Supreme Court ~2026-06-10 (Justice Alito called for a response 2026-06-15, filed 2026-06-22; reply 2026-06-24); fully briefed with no ruling as of 2026-07-04.

Statute section pins and the private-right-of-action question still need a pass against the enrolled text (capitol.texas.gov geo-blocks non-US networks). SCOTUS stay-vacatur applications were pending at last verification; re-check before any demo.

Scope

App-store accountability model: the app store verifies age and relays age-category and consent signals; app developers assign age ratings and consume those signals.

Statute section pins pending a pass against the enrolled text; the enrolled text's covered-entity definitions have not been decomposed here.

Penalties

Model
Per violation
Detail
DTPA deceptive trade practice; civil penalties ~$10k/violation
Enforcer
Texas Attorney General
Private right of action
Unverified; treated as unknown, not assumed absent

Key dates

Signed
2025-05-27
Effective
2026-01-01

Obligations (1)

Age rating & store signalsUnder 1313–1516–17

Assign an age rating to the app and re-obtain parental consent when it changes significantly.

Statute’s own ages: Four statutory bands: under 13 (child), 13-15 (younger teen), 16-17 (older teen), 18+ (adult)

SB 2420 (89R): section pin pending re-verification against the enrolled text

Litigation history

  1. 2025-12-23
    W.D. Tex. (Judge Robert Pitman) granted a preliminary injunction against enforcement in CCIA v. Paxton, No. 1:25-cv-01660, finding a likely First Amendment violation
    Unenforceable while the injunction stood source ↗
  2. 2026-05-28
    Fifth Circuit entered an administrative stay of the preliminary injunction
    Temporarily enforceable while the stay motion was considered source ↗
  3. 2026-06-04
    Fifth Circuit granted Texas a stay pending appeal (CCIA v. Paxton, No. 25-51073), superseding the administrative stay
    Enforceable pending the merits appeal source ↗
  4. 2026-06-10
    Challengers filed emergency applications at the Supreme Court to vacate the Fifth Circuit's stay (Students Engaged in Advancing Texas v. Paxton, No. 25A1389; CCIA v. Paxton, No. 25A1390); Justice Alito ordered Texas to respond by 2026-06-22
    Still enforceable; posture could change if the Court vacates the stay source ↗

Cross-state comparisons

  • similarut-sb142 (Utah): Near-identical app-store-accountability model: the store verifies age and relays age-category + consent signals; developers age-rate and consume them. The duty structures run parallel, while posture diverges: TX is enforceable pending appeal; UT's duties are delayed to 2027-05-06 and privately enforced only.